Higher (Foundation: simple cases)

Quadratic equations: GCSE Maths revision

A quadratic equation can be written ax² + bx + c = 0. Solve by factorising, the quadratic formula, or completing the square. Always check by substituting.

Factorising

Solve x² + 5x + 6 = 0

(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 → x = −2 or x = −3

Quadratic formula

x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a

This is not always on the formula sheet — memorise it. If the discriminant b² − 4ac is negative, there are no real solutions.

Try these questions

Cover the answers and have a go first. Worked solutions are underneath.

Question 1 [2 marks]

Solve x² + 7x + 12 = 0 by factorising

Question 2 [2 marks]

Solve x² − 9 = 0

Question 3 [2 marks]

Solve x² − 5x = 0

Question 4 [3 marks]

Use the formula to solve x² + 4x + 1 = 0, leaving answers in surd form

Question 5 [2 marks]

How many real solutions does x² + 2x + 5 = 0 have?

Common mistakes

Answers and working

Q1. x = −3 or x = −4
Q2. x = 3 or x = −3
Q3. x = 0 or x = 5
Q4. x = −2 ± √3
Q5. None (discriminant 4 − 20 = −16)

Frequently asked questions

When do I use the formula?

When the quadratic does not factorise nicely, or the question asks for answers to a given number of decimal places.

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