Foundation & Higher

HCF and LCM: GCSE Maths revision

HCF is the largest number that divides into both. LCM is the smallest number that both divide into. Prime factor trees make both reliable.

Using prime factors

HCF: multiply the primes that appear in both, using the lowest power. LCM: every prime that appears in either, using the highest power.

HCF and LCM of 12 and 18

12 = 2² × 3, 18 = 2 × 3²
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
LCM = 2² × 3² = 36

Try these questions

Cover the answers and have a go first. Worked solutions are underneath.

Question 1 [1 mark]

HCF of 8 and 12

Question 2 [1 mark]

LCM of 6 and 8

Question 3 [2 marks]

Write 60 as a product of primes

Question 4 [2 marks]

HCF of 24 and 36

Question 5 [2 marks]

LCM of 9 and 12

Common mistakes

Answers and working

Q1. 4
Q2. 24
Q3. 2² × 3 × 5
Q4. 12
Q5. 36

Frequently asked questions

When do exam questions use HCF?

Splitting into equal groups, simplifying ratios, or “largest tile that fits” problems.

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