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Surds: GCSE Maths revision

A surd is a root that does not simplify to an integer, like √2. Keep it exact unless the question asks for a decimal.

Simplifying

√(ab) = √a × √b

Simplify √50

√(25 × 2) = 5√2

Rationalising the denominator

Multiply numerator and denominator by the surd on the bottom so the denominator becomes an integer.

1 / √3

(1 × √3) / (√3 × √3) = √3 / 3

Try these questions

Cover the answers and have a go first. Worked solutions are underneath.

Question 1 [1 mark]

Simplify √18

Question 2 [2 marks]

Simplify √72

Question 3 [2 marks]

Expand (√3 + 1)(√3 − 1)

Question 4 [2 marks]

Rationalise 5 / √5

Common mistakes

Answers and working

Q1. 3√2
Q2. 6√2
Q3. 2
Q4. √5

Frequently asked questions

Is √4 a surd?

No. √4 = 2, which is rational. Surds stay irrational.

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